SCOUT: System for the Characterization and Observation of UAVs Using Thermal Cameras

SCOUT (System for the Characterization and Observation of UAVs Using Thermal Cameras) is Kappa optronics’ contribution to the aviation research project TONIC (Enhancing Autonomous Capabilities through Intuitive Pilot Interfaces and Innovative Actuation Systems). The project focuses on the development of a novel infrared camera demonstrator for the automated detection of non-cooperative air traffic participants, particularly drones. The objective is to provide early threat detection and situational awareness for helicopter crews while contributing to future Sense-and-Avoid systems.

The demonstrator is based on multiple long-wave infrared (LWIR) cameras that continuously monitor the airspace ahead of the aircraft. Thermal imaging enables reliable detection of airborne objects during day and night and under challenging visibility conditions. By integrating artificial intelligence directly into the camera electronics, detected objects can be identified, tracked, and provided to higher-level systems in near real time.

A key research focus is the reliable implementation of AI-based object detection in infrared imagery. Kappa investigates image processing methods and adaptive algorithms that dynamically optimize image parameters to improve the performance of neural networks under varying environmental conditions. The goal is to maximize drone detection probability even in demanding operational scenarios.

In addition, the project explores the interaction between classical image processing and artificial intelligence. AI-supported image enhancement techniques and advanced non-uniformity correction (NUC) approaches are being developed to improve image quality, reduce thermal artifacts, and increase the performance of modern microbolometer-based infrared sensors.

The developed technologies are validated through the creation of dedicated training and test datasets, extensive AI model evaluation, and subsequent flight testing on an Airbus helicopter demonstrator. Beyond technical advancements, the project also provides valuable insights into the integration of AI-based functions into safety-critical aerospace systems.

With SCOUT, Kappa optronics further expands its expertise in thermal imaging, embedded AI, and autonomous sensor systems, creating the foundation for future applications in both manned and unmanned aviation.

Funding Programme: German Aviation Research Programme LuFo 7.1
Funding Reference: 20Y2403D